A neurobiological pathway to smoking in adolescence: TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and reward response.
Identifieur interne : 000A42 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000A41; suivant : 000A43A neurobiological pathway to smoking in adolescence: TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and reward response.
Auteurs : Christine Macare [Royaume-Uni] ; Francesca Ducci [Royaume-Uni] ; Yuning Zhang [Royaume-Uni] ; Barbara Ruggeri [Royaume-Uni] ; Tianye Jia [République populaire de Chine] ; Marika Kaakinen [Royaume-Uni] ; Gursharan Kalsi [Royaume-Uni] ; Pimphen Charoen [Royaume-Uni] ; Filippo Casoni [Italie] ; Jan Peters [Allemagne] ; Uli Bromberg [Allemagne] ; Matthew Hill [Royaume-Uni] ; Jessica Buxton [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexandra Blakemore [Royaume-Uni] ; Juha Veijola [Royaume-Uni] ; Christian Büchel [Allemagne] ; Tobias Banaschewski [Allemagne] ; Arun L W. Bokde [Irlande (pays)] ; Patricia Conrod [Canada] ; Herta Flor [Allemagne] ; Vincent Frouin [France] ; Jürgen Gallinat [Allemagne] ; Hugh Garavan [États-Unis] ; Penny A. Gowland [Royaume-Uni] ; Andreas Heinz [Allemagne] ; Bernd Ittermann [Allemagne] ; Mark Lathrop [Canada] ; Jean-Luc Martinot ; Tomáš Paus [Canada] ; Sylvane Desrivières [Royaume-Uni] ; Marcus Munaf [Royaume-Uni] ; Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin [Finlande] ; Gunter Schumann [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology [ 1873-7862 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Anticipation psychologique (physiologie), Comportement de l'adolescent (physiologie), Comportement de l'adolescent (psychologie), Comportement toxicomaniaque (génétique), Comportement toxicomaniaque (imagerie diagnostique), Comportement toxicomaniaque (physiopathologie), Comportement toxicomaniaque (psychologie), Cotinine (sang), Encéphale (imagerie diagnostique), Encéphale (physiopathologie), Femelle (MeSH), Fumer (génétique), Fumer (physiopathologie), Fumer (psychologie), Humains (MeSH), Imagerie par résonance magnétique (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (génétique), Protéines (génétique), Récepteur D2 de la dopamine (génétique), Récompense (MeSH), Variation génétique (MeSH), Études d'associations génétiques (MeSH).
- MESH :
- génétique : Comportement toxicomaniaque, Fumer, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Protéines, Récepteur D2 de la dopamine.
- imagerie diagnostique : Comportement toxicomaniaque, Encéphale.
- physiologie : Anticipation psychologique, Comportement de l'adolescent.
- physiopathologie : Comportement toxicomaniaque, Encéphale, Fumer.
- psychologie : Comportement de l'adolescent, Comportement toxicomaniaque, Fumer.
- sang : Cotinine.
- Adolescent, Femelle, Humains, Imagerie par résonance magnétique, Mâle, Récompense, Variation génétique, Études d'associations génétiques.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adolescent Behavior (physiology), Adolescent Behavior (psychology), Anticipation, Psychological (physiology), Behavior, Addictive (diagnostic imaging), Behavior, Addictive (genetics), Behavior, Addictive (physiopathology), Behavior, Addictive (psychology), Brain (diagnostic imaging), Brain (physiopathology), Cotinine (blood), Female (MeSH), Genetic Association Studies (MeSH), Genetic Variation (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (genetics), Proteins (genetics), Receptors, Dopamine D2 (genetics), Reward (MeSH), Smoking (genetics), Smoking (physiopathology), Smoking (psychology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Cotinine.
- diagnostic imaging : Behavior, Addictive, Brain.
- genetics : Behavior, Addictive, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Proteins, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Smoking.
- physiology : Adolescent Behavior, Anticipation, Psychological.
- physiopathology : Behavior, Addictive, Brain, Smoking.
- psychology : Adolescent Behavior, Behavior, Addictive, Smoking.
- Adolescent, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Variation, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reward.
Abstract
The TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-cluster has been implicated in adult smoking. Here, we investigated the contribution of individual genes in the TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster in smoking and their association with smoking-associated reward processing in adolescence. A meta-analysis of TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and self-reported smoking behaviours was performed in four European adolescent cohorts (N = 14,084). The minor G-allele of rs2236709, mapping TTC12, was associated with self-reported smoking (p = 5.0 × 10-4) and higher plasma cotinine levels (p = 7.0 × 10-5). This risk allele was linked to an increased ventral-striatal blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during reward anticipation (n = 1,263) and with higher DRD2 gene expression in the striatum (p = 0.013), but not with TTC12 or ANKK gene expression. These data suggest a role for the TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-cluster in adolescent smoking behaviours, provide evidence for the involvement of DRD2 in the early stages of addiction and support the notion that genetically-driven inter-individual differences in dopaminergic transmission mediate reward sensitivity and risk to smoking.
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.101
PubMed: 30104163
PubMed Central: PMC6525784
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Canada, Finlande, France, Irlande (pays), Italie, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre du Sud-Ouest, Bade-Wurtemberg, Berlin, District de Karlsruhe, District de Tübingen, Grand Londres, Hambourg, Lombardie, Nottinghamshire, Ontario, Québec, Vermont, Île-de-France
- Berlin, Bristol (Royaume-Uni), Hambourg, Londres, Mannheim, Milan, Montréal, Nottingham, Paris, Toronto, Tübingen
- Université McGill, Université de Bristol, Université de Londres, Université de Nottingham, Université de Toronto
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; St George's, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yuning" sort="Zhang, Yuning" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yuning" last="Zhang">Yuning Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruggeri, Barbara" sort="Ruggeri, Barbara" uniqKey="Ruggeri B" first="Barbara" last="Ruggeri">Barbara Ruggeri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, Tianye" sort="Jia, Tianye" uniqKey="Jia T" first="Tianye" last="Jia">Tianye Jia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Education</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalsi, Gursharan" sort="Kalsi, Gursharan" uniqKey="Kalsi G" first="Gursharan" last="Kalsi">Gursharan Kalsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK; One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy׳s and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy׳s Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK; One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy׳s and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy׳s Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charoen, Pimphen" sort="Charoen, Pimphen" uniqKey="Charoen P" first="Pimphen" last="Charoen">Pimphen Charoen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casoni, Filippo" sort="Casoni, Filippo" uniqKey="Casoni F" first="Filippo" last="Casoni">Filippo Casoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Jan" sort="Peters, Jan" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Jan" last="Peters">Jan Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bromberg, Uli" sort="Bromberg, Uli" uniqKey="Bromberg U" first="Uli" last="Bromberg">Uli Bromberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Matthew" sort="Hill, Matthew" uniqKey="Hill M" first="Matthew" last="Hill">Matthew Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buxton, Jessica" sort="Buxton, Jessica" uniqKey="Buxton J" first="Jessica" last="Buxton">Jessica Buxton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London; School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London; School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kingston upon Thames</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blakemore, Alexandra" sort="Blakemore, Alexandra" uniqKey="Blakemore A" first="Alexandra" last="Blakemore">Alexandra Blakemore</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchel, Christian" sort="Buchel, Christian" uniqKey="Buchel C" first="Christian" last="Büchel">Christian Büchel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banaschewski, Tobias" sort="Banaschewski, Tobias" uniqKey="Banaschewski T" first="Tobias" last="Banaschewski">Tobias Banaschewski</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bokde, Arun L W" sort="Bokde, Arun L W" uniqKey="Bokde A" first="Arun L W" last="Bokde">Arun L W. Bokde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conrod, Patricia" sort="Conrod, Patricia" uniqKey="Conrod P" first="Patricia" last="Conrod">Patricia Conrod</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flor, Herta" sort="Flor, Herta" uniqKey="Flor H" first="Herta" last="Flor">Herta Flor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>68131 Mannheim</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>68131 Mannheim</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>68131 Mannheim</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frouin, Vincent" sort="Frouin, Vincent" uniqKey="Frouin V" first="Vincent" last="Frouin">Vincent Frouin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>NeuroSpin, Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>NeuroSpin, Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallinat, Jurgen" sort="Gallinat, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gallinat J" first="Jürgen" last="Gallinat">Jürgen Gallinat</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garavan, Hugh" sort="Garavan, Hugh" uniqKey="Garavan H" first="Hugh" last="Garavan">Hugh Garavan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Vermont</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gowland, Penny A" sort="Gowland, Penny A" uniqKey="Gowland P" first="Penny A" last="Gowland">Penny A. Gowland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Nottingham</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Nottingham</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Nottinghamshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heinz, Andreas" sort="Heinz, Andreas" uniqKey="Heinz A" first="Andreas" last="Heinz">Andreas Heinz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ittermann, Bernd" sort="Ittermann, Bernd" uniqKey="Ittermann B" first="Bernd" last="Ittermann">Bernd Ittermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinot, Jean Luc" sort="Martinot, Jean Luc" uniqKey="Martinot J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Martinot">Jean-Luc Martinot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; DIGITEO labs, Gif sur Yvette; France.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Gif sur Yvette; France</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paus, Tomas" sort="Paus, Tomas" uniqKey="Paus T" first="Tomáš" last="Paus">Tomáš Paus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desrivieres, Sylvane" sort="Desrivieres, Sylvane" uniqKey="Desrivieres S" first="Sylvane" last="Desrivières">Sylvane Desrivières</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munaf, Marcus" sort="Munaf, Marcus" uniqKey="Munaf M" first="Marcus" last="Munaf">Marcus Munaf</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Bristol</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Bristol (Royaume-Uni)</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre du Sud-Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumann, Gunter" sort="Schumann, Gunter" uniqKey="Schumann G" first="Gunter" last="Schumann">Gunter Schumann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: gunter.schumann@kcl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:30104163</idno><idno type="pmid">30104163</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.101</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6525784</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000748</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000748</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000748</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000748</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000748</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A neurobiological pathway to smoking in adolescence: TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and reward response.</title><author><name sortKey="Macare, Christine" sort="Macare, Christine" uniqKey="Macare C" first="Christine" last="Macare">Christine Macare</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ducci, Francesca" sort="Ducci, Francesca" uniqKey="Ducci F" first="Francesca" last="Ducci">Francesca Ducci</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; St George's, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yuning" sort="Zhang, Yuning" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yuning" last="Zhang">Yuning Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruggeri, Barbara" sort="Ruggeri, Barbara" uniqKey="Ruggeri B" first="Barbara" last="Ruggeri">Barbara Ruggeri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, Tianye" sort="Jia, Tianye" uniqKey="Jia T" first="Tianye" last="Jia">Tianye Jia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Education</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalsi, Gursharan" sort="Kalsi, Gursharan" uniqKey="Kalsi G" first="Gursharan" last="Kalsi">Gursharan Kalsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK; One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy׳s and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy׳s Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK; One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy׳s and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy׳s Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charoen, Pimphen" sort="Charoen, Pimphen" uniqKey="Charoen P" first="Pimphen" last="Charoen">Pimphen Charoen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casoni, Filippo" sort="Casoni, Filippo" uniqKey="Casoni F" first="Filippo" last="Casoni">Filippo Casoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Jan" sort="Peters, Jan" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Jan" last="Peters">Jan Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bromberg, Uli" sort="Bromberg, Uli" uniqKey="Bromberg U" first="Uli" last="Bromberg">Uli Bromberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Matthew" sort="Hill, Matthew" uniqKey="Hill M" first="Matthew" last="Hill">Matthew Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cardiff</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buxton, Jessica" sort="Buxton, Jessica" uniqKey="Buxton J" first="Jessica" last="Buxton">Jessica Buxton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London; School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London; School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kingston upon Thames</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blakemore, Alexandra" sort="Blakemore, Alexandra" uniqKey="Blakemore A" first="Alexandra" last="Blakemore">Alexandra Blakemore</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchel, Christian" sort="Buchel, Christian" uniqKey="Buchel C" first="Christian" last="Büchel">Christian Büchel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banaschewski, Tobias" sort="Banaschewski, Tobias" uniqKey="Banaschewski T" first="Tobias" last="Banaschewski">Tobias Banaschewski</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bokde, Arun L W" sort="Bokde, Arun L W" uniqKey="Bokde A" first="Arun L W" last="Bokde">Arun L W. Bokde</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conrod, Patricia" sort="Conrod, Patricia" uniqKey="Conrod P" first="Patricia" last="Conrod">Patricia Conrod</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flor, Herta" sort="Flor, Herta" uniqKey="Flor H" first="Herta" last="Flor">Herta Flor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>68131 Mannheim</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>68131 Mannheim</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>68131 Mannheim</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frouin, Vincent" sort="Frouin, Vincent" uniqKey="Frouin V" first="Vincent" last="Frouin">Vincent Frouin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>NeuroSpin, Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>NeuroSpin, Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallinat, Jurgen" sort="Gallinat, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gallinat J" first="Jürgen" last="Gallinat">Jürgen Gallinat</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garavan, Hugh" sort="Garavan, Hugh" uniqKey="Garavan H" first="Hugh" last="Garavan">Hugh Garavan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Vermont</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gowland, Penny A" sort="Gowland, Penny A" uniqKey="Gowland P" first="Penny A" last="Gowland">Penny A. Gowland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Nottingham</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Nottingham</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Nottinghamshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heinz, Andreas" sort="Heinz, Andreas" uniqKey="Heinz A" first="Andreas" last="Heinz">Andreas Heinz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ittermann, Bernd" sort="Ittermann, Bernd" uniqKey="Ittermann B" first="Bernd" last="Ittermann">Bernd Ittermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig and Berlin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinot, Jean Luc" sort="Martinot, Jean Luc" uniqKey="Martinot J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Martinot">Jean-Luc Martinot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; DIGITEO labs, Gif sur Yvette; France.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Gif sur Yvette; France</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paus, Tomas" sort="Paus, Tomas" uniqKey="Paus T" first="Tomáš" last="Paus">Tomáš Paus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desrivieres, Sylvane" sort="Desrivieres, Sylvane" uniqKey="Desrivieres S" first="Sylvane" last="Desrivières">Sylvane Desrivières</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munaf, Marcus" sort="Munaf, Marcus" uniqKey="Munaf M" first="Marcus" last="Munaf">Marcus Munaf</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Bristol</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Bristol (Royaume-Uni)</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre du Sud-Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumann, Gunter" sort="Schumann, Gunter" uniqKey="Schumann G" first="Gunter" last="Schumann">Gunter Schumann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: gunter.schumann@kcl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-7862</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adolescent Behavior (physiology)</term><term>Adolescent Behavior (psychology)</term><term>Anticipation, Psychological (physiology)</term><term>Behavior, Addictive (diagnostic imaging)</term><term>Behavior, Addictive (genetics)</term><term>Behavior, Addictive (physiopathology)</term><term>Behavior, Addictive (psychology)</term><term>Brain (diagnostic imaging)</term><term>Brain (physiopathology)</term><term>Cotinine (blood)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Genetic Association Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Genetic Variation (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (genetics)</term><term>Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Receptors, Dopamine D2 (genetics)</term><term>Reward (MeSH)</term><term>Smoking (genetics)</term><term>Smoking (physiopathology)</term><term>Smoking (psychology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Anticipation psychologique (physiologie)</term><term>Comportement de l'adolescent (physiologie)</term><term>Comportement de l'adolescent (psychologie)</term><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque (génétique)</term><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque (imagerie diagnostique)</term><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque (physiopathologie)</term><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque (psychologie)</term><term>Cotinine (sang)</term><term>Encéphale (imagerie diagnostique)</term><term>Encéphale (physiopathologie)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Fumer (génétique)</term><term>Fumer (physiopathologie)</term><term>Fumer (psychologie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (génétique)</term><term>Protéines (génétique)</term><term>Récepteur D2 de la dopamine (génétique)</term><term>Récompense (MeSH)</term><term>Variation génétique (MeSH)</term><term>Études d'associations génétiques (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Cotinine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic imaging" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavior, Addictive</term><term>Brain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavior, Addictive</term><term>Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases</term><term>Proteins</term><term>Receptors, Dopamine D2</term><term>Smoking</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque</term><term>Fumer</term><term>Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases</term><term>Protéines</term><term>Récepteur D2 de la dopamine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="imagerie diagnostique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque</term><term>Encéphale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticipation psychologique</term><term>Comportement de l'adolescent</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent Behavior</term><term>Anticipation, Psychological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque</term><term>Encéphale</term><term>Fumer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavior, Addictive</term><term>Brain</term><term>Smoking</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Comportement de l'adolescent</term><term>Comportement toxicomaniaque</term><term>Fumer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent Behavior</term><term>Behavior, Addictive</term><term>Smoking</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cotinine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Association Studies</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Humans</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term><term>Male</term><term>Reward</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Récompense</term><term>Variation génétique</term><term>Études d'associations génétiques</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-cluster has been implicated in adult smoking. Here, we investigated the contribution of individual genes in the TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster in smoking and their association with smoking-associated reward processing in adolescence. A meta-analysis of TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and self-reported smoking behaviours was performed in four European adolescent cohorts (N = 14,084). The minor G-allele of rs2236709, mapping TTC12, was associated with self-reported smoking (p = 5.0 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) and higher plasma cotinine levels (p = 7.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup>). This risk allele was linked to an increased ventral-striatal blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during reward anticipation (n = 1,263) and with higher DRD2 gene expression in the striatum (p = 0.013), but not with TTC12 or ANKK gene expression. These data suggest a role for the TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-cluster in adolescent smoking behaviours, provide evidence for the involvement of DRD2 in the early stages of addiction and support the notion that genetically-driven inter-individual differences in dopaminergic transmission mediate reward sensitivity and risk to smoking.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30104163</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-7862</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>28</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur Neuropsychopharmacol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>A neurobiological pathway to smoking in adolescence: TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and reward response.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1103-1114</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0924-977X(18)30284-0</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.101</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-cluster has been implicated in adult smoking. Here, we investigated the contribution of individual genes in the TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster in smoking and their association with smoking-associated reward processing in adolescence. A meta-analysis of TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 variants and self-reported smoking behaviours was performed in four European adolescent cohorts (N = 14,084). The minor G-allele of rs2236709, mapping TTC12, was associated with self-reported smoking (p = 5.0 × 10<sup>-4</sup>) and higher plasma cotinine levels (p = 7.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup>). This risk allele was linked to an increased ventral-striatal blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during reward anticipation (n = 1,263) and with higher DRD2 gene expression in the striatum (p = 0.013), but not with TTC12 or ANKK gene expression. These data suggest a role for the TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-cluster in adolescent smoking behaviours, provide evidence for the involvement of DRD2 in the early stages of addiction and support the notion that genetically-driven inter-individual differences in dopaminergic transmission mediate reward sensitivity and risk to smoking.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Macare</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ducci</LastName><ForeName>Francesca</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Yuning</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruggeri</LastName><ForeName>Barbara</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jia</LastName><ForeName>Tianye</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaakinen</LastName><ForeName>Marika</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalsi</LastName><ForeName>Gursharan</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK; One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy׳s and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy׳s Hospital, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Charoen</LastName><ForeName>Pimphen</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Casoni</LastName><ForeName>Filippo</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peters</LastName><ForeName>Jan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bromberg</LastName><ForeName>Uli</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hill</LastName><ForeName>Matthew</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Buxton</LastName><ForeName>Jessica</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London; School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blakemore</LastName><ForeName>Alexandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Veijola</LastName><ForeName>Juha</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Büchel</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Banaschewski</LastName><ForeName>Tobias</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bokde</LastName><ForeName>Arun L W</ForeName><Initials>ALW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conrod</LastName><ForeName>Patricia</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Flor</LastName><ForeName>Herta</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frouin</LastName><ForeName>Vincent</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NeuroSpin, Bât 145 Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gallinat</LastName><ForeName>Jürgen</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garavan</LastName><ForeName>Hugh</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gowland</LastName><ForeName>Penny A</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heinz</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ittermann</LastName><ForeName>Bernd</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lathrop</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinot</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Luc</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; DIGITEO labs, Gif sur Yvette; France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paus</LastName><ForeName>Tomáš</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Desrivières</LastName><ForeName>Sylvane</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Munafò</LastName><ForeName>Marcus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Järvelin</LastName><ForeName>Marjo-Riitta</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schumann</LastName><ForeName>Gunter</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. 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du Sud-Ouest</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>Berlin</li><li>District de Karlsruhe</li><li>District de Tübingen</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Hambourg</li><li>Lombardie</li><li>Nottinghamshire</li><li>Ontario</li><li>Québec</li><li>Vermont</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Berlin</li><li>Bristol (Royaume-Uni)</li><li>Hambourg</li><li>Londres</li><li>Mannheim</li><li>Milan</li><li>Montréal</li><li>Nottingham</li><li>Paris</li><li>Toronto</li><li>Tübingen</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université McGill</li><li>Université de Bristol</li><li>Université de Londres</li><li>Université de Nottingham</li><li>Université de Toronto</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Martinot, Jean Luc" sort="Martinot, Jean Luc" uniqKey="Martinot J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Martinot">Jean-Luc Martinot</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Macare, Christine" sort="Macare, Christine" uniqKey="Macare C" first="Christine" last="Macare">Christine Macare</name></region><name sortKey="Blakemore, Alexandra" sort="Blakemore, Alexandra" uniqKey="Blakemore A" first="Alexandra" last="Blakemore">Alexandra Blakemore</name><name sortKey="Buxton, Jessica" sort="Buxton, Jessica" uniqKey="Buxton J" first="Jessica" last="Buxton">Jessica Buxton</name><name sortKey="Charoen, Pimphen" sort="Charoen, Pimphen" uniqKey="Charoen P" first="Pimphen" last="Charoen">Pimphen Charoen</name><name sortKey="Desrivieres, Sylvane" sort="Desrivieres, Sylvane" uniqKey="Desrivieres S" first="Sylvane" last="Desrivières">Sylvane Desrivières</name><name sortKey="Ducci, Francesca" sort="Ducci, Francesca" uniqKey="Ducci F" first="Francesca" last="Ducci">Francesca Ducci</name><name sortKey="Gowland, Penny A" sort="Gowland, Penny A" uniqKey="Gowland P" first="Penny A" last="Gowland">Penny A. Gowland</name><name sortKey="Hill, Matthew" sort="Hill, Matthew" uniqKey="Hill M" first="Matthew" last="Hill">Matthew Hill</name><name sortKey="Kaakinen, Marika" sort="Kaakinen, Marika" uniqKey="Kaakinen M" first="Marika" last="Kaakinen">Marika Kaakinen</name><name sortKey="Kalsi, Gursharan" sort="Kalsi, Gursharan" uniqKey="Kalsi G" first="Gursharan" last="Kalsi">Gursharan Kalsi</name><name sortKey="Munaf, Marcus" sort="Munaf, Marcus" uniqKey="Munaf M" first="Marcus" last="Munaf">Marcus Munaf</name><name sortKey="Ruggeri, Barbara" sort="Ruggeri, Barbara" uniqKey="Ruggeri B" first="Barbara" last="Ruggeri">Barbara Ruggeri</name><name sortKey="Schumann, Gunter" sort="Schumann, Gunter" uniqKey="Schumann G" first="Gunter" last="Schumann">Gunter Schumann</name><name sortKey="Veijola, Juha" sort="Veijola, Juha" uniqKey="Veijola J" first="Juha" last="Veijola">Juha Veijola</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Yuning" sort="Zhang, Yuning" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yuning" last="Zhang">Yuning Zhang</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jia, Tianye" sort="Jia, Tianye" uniqKey="Jia T" first="Tianye" last="Jia">Tianye Jia</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Lombardie"><name sortKey="Casoni, Filippo" sort="Casoni, Filippo" uniqKey="Casoni F" first="Filippo" last="Casoni">Filippo Casoni</name></region></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bade-Wurtemberg"><name sortKey="Peters, Jan" sort="Peters, Jan" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Jan" last="Peters">Jan Peters</name></region><name sortKey="Banaschewski, Tobias" sort="Banaschewski, Tobias" uniqKey="Banaschewski T" first="Tobias" last="Banaschewski">Tobias Banaschewski</name><name sortKey="Bromberg, Uli" sort="Bromberg, Uli" uniqKey="Bromberg U" first="Uli" last="Bromberg">Uli Bromberg</name><name sortKey="Buchel, Christian" sort="Buchel, Christian" uniqKey="Buchel C" first="Christian" last="Büchel">Christian Büchel</name><name sortKey="Flor, Herta" sort="Flor, Herta" uniqKey="Flor H" first="Herta" last="Flor">Herta Flor</name><name sortKey="Gallinat, Jurgen" sort="Gallinat, Jurgen" uniqKey="Gallinat J" first="Jürgen" last="Gallinat">Jürgen Gallinat</name><name sortKey="Heinz, Andreas" sort="Heinz, Andreas" uniqKey="Heinz A" first="Andreas" last="Heinz">Andreas Heinz</name><name sortKey="Ittermann, Bernd" sort="Ittermann, Bernd" uniqKey="Ittermann B" first="Bernd" last="Ittermann">Bernd Ittermann</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bokde, Arun L W" sort="Bokde, Arun L W" uniqKey="Bokde A" first="Arun L W" last="Bokde">Arun L W. Bokde</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><region name="Québec"><name sortKey="Conrod, Patricia" sort="Conrod, Patricia" uniqKey="Conrod P" first="Patricia" last="Conrod">Patricia Conrod</name></region><name sortKey="Lathrop, Mark" sort="Lathrop, Mark" uniqKey="Lathrop M" first="Mark" last="Lathrop">Mark Lathrop</name><name sortKey="Paus, Tomas" sort="Paus, Tomas" uniqKey="Paus T" first="Tomáš" last="Paus">Tomáš Paus</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Frouin, Vincent" sort="Frouin, Vincent" uniqKey="Frouin V" first="Vincent" last="Frouin">Vincent Frouin</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Vermont"><name sortKey="Garavan, Hugh" sort="Garavan, Hugh" uniqKey="Garavan H" first="Hugh" last="Garavan">Hugh Garavan</name></region></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="J Rvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="J Rvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="J Rvelin">Marjo-Riitta J Rvelin</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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